COMMENT ⊗   VALID 00010 PAGES
C REC  PAGE   DESCRIPTION
C00001 00001
C00002 00002	Knuth, Donald E., 1, 10, 14
C00008 00003	Math mode, 33
C00014 00004	Display math mode, 50--52
C00020 00005	Continued fractions, 69
C00025 00006	Ellipses (three dots), 85--87, 90--91
C00031 00007	Matrices, 104
C00039 00008	Horizontal mode, summary, 121--130
C00046 00009	En-dash, 148
C00051 00010	\alpha ( $\alpha$ ), 177
C00058 ENDMK
C⊗;
Knuth, Donald E., 1, 10, 14
Dangerous bend, 2
Jokes, 2
Truth, 2
Exercises, 2
Contents, 3
\TEX, meaning of, 4
Quotation marks, 4--7
Apostrophe, 4
Typewriter type, 5
{\tt\char'40}, 5
Blank space, see space
Dash, 5--6
Hyphen, 5--6
Minus sign, 5--6
En-dash, 5--6, 17
Em-dash, 5--6
Ligatures, 6, 10
Kerning, 6
\def, 7
Definition, 7
Thin space, 7
\,, 7
Escape character, 7, 18
Backslash, 7
\, 7
Control sequences, 8--12, 21
\input, 8
\≡', 8,10 ≡ acute...
\", 8 ≡ umlaut...
Acute accent, 8, 10
Umlaut, 8, 23
Accents, 8, 10
Space, 5, 8--9, 12, 17
Escape space, 8--9, 12
\≡char'40, 8--9 see escape space
\TEX\ logo, 9, 17
\TEX, 9, 17
Script letters, 10
\aleph, 10
\doteq, 10
\oplus, 10
\←, 10
Basic \TEX\ style, 10
\gamma, 11
\Gamma, 11
\underline, 11
\<tab>, 12
\<line-feed>, 12
\<vertical-tab>, 12
\<form-feed>, 12
\<carriage-return>, 12
Fonts, 12--15
Footnote, 12--13
\rm, 12
\sl, 12, 17
\bf, 12
\footnote, 13
Grouping, 13, 15--18
\:, 12--15, 18
Computer Modern fonts, 14
cmr10, 14
Baseline, 14--15
{, 15--16
}, 15--16
\ctrline, 15--16
\def, 16 union with definition 18
Groups within groups, 15--16
\chcode, 18
SUAI code, 18
\gdef, 18
\baselineskip, 18
\tabskip, 18
\trace, 18
\jpar, 18
\output, 18
\hsize, 18, 20
\vsize, 18
\parindent, 18
\maxdepth, 18
\topbaseline, 18
Running \TEX, 18--27
\input, 19
Basic \TEX\ format, 19
{\tt basic.TEX}, 19
Dash, 20
Quotation marks, 20
\vskip, 20
\ctrline, 20--21
<carriage-return>, 21
Error messages, 21--27 ≡ recovery from errors
Error recovery ≡ Recovery from errors, 21--27
\c≡cedilla
Cedilla accent, 23
\par, 23
Paragraph end ≡\par
! Undefined ..., 21
! Missing ..., 21
Blank line, 23
\end, 23
Modes, 23
Horizontal mode, 23
\vfill, 23
XGP, 20, 24, ∞.
{\tt errors.tmp}, 24, 26
\eject, 24
\hsize, 24--25
\jpar, 25--26
\ragged, 25--26
ragged right margin, 26
Breaking paragraphs into lines, 25--26
Overfull box, 25--26
\input, 24--25
Blank space, 25
File name, 25
Variable space, 26
Space, see Blank space, Glue, Variable space
cmr10, 26
Newspapers, 26
Narrow margins, 26
Margins, see \hsize, \hangindent
Hyphen, see also Discretionary hyphen.
Discretionary hyphen, 26, ≡\-
\ctrline, 26--27
Control sequence, 27
Dash, 27, 29
Em-dash, 27, 29
\penalty, 27
<carriage-return>, 28, 29
Blank space, 28, 30--33
Blank line, 28, 32
Paragraph end ≡ End of paragraph ⊃ \par
End of paragraph, 28
End of page in input file, 32, ⊃runaway
\par, 30--32
\!, 31
\, 28
{, 28
Escape character, 28, 30--32
Control sequence, 30--31, 33
Group, 28
}, 28
$, 28, 29
⊗, 28
End of line, 28, 30--31, 33
%, 28
#, 28
↑, 28
↓, 28
Ignored character, 28, 30--31
Letter, 28, 32
Other character, 28, 32
<otherchar>, see also Other character
<form-feed>, 29
Organs, 29
States, 29--33
Modes, 29
<null> ({\tt NUL}), 32, 165
<line-feed> ({\tt LF}), 32, 165
<vertical-tab> ({\tt VT}), 32, 165
<alt-mode> ({\tt ALT}), 32, 165
<delete> ({\tt BS}), 32, 165
Backspacing, see <delete>, Negative glue, \spose
<tab> ({\tt TAB}), 32, 165
<space>, ({\tt SP}), 32, 165
<form-feed> ({\tt FF}), 32, 165
<carriage-return> ({\tt CR}), 32, 165
<otherchar>, 32
\chcode, 32
\def, 33
\if, 33
\ifeven, 33
\else, 33
\noalign, 33
\output, 33
\mark, 33
Math mode, 33
$$, 33
File name, 33
Font code, 33
Unit of measure, 33
{\tt to}, 33
{\tt size}, 33
<spec>, 33
<number>, 33
Vertical mode, 33
Restricted vertical mode, 33
Escape space, 33
\def, 33
%, 34
\%, 34
\char, 34
Octal notation, 34
<number>, 34
\count, 34
$α$, 35
SUAI code, 35
\alpha, 35
ligatures, 35
En-dash, 35
ffl, see ligatures
Dash, 35
Quotation marks, 35
Accents, 35--36
\accent, 36
\:, 36
Acute accent, 35
Umlaut, 35
cmr10, 36
cms10, 36
cmb10, 36
cmss10, 36
Minus sign, 36
Slash, 36
Foreign language characters and accents, 37--39, 53--54
\ss (\ss), 37
\ae (\ae), 37
\AE (\AE), 37
\oe (\oe), 37
\OE (\OE), 37
\o (\o), 37
\O (\o), 37
Cedilla, 37--39
Accents, 38--39
Accents, table, 38
\≡` (grave accent), 38
Grave accent, 38
\≡'(acute accent), 38
\A (circumflex), 38
Circumflex, 38
Hat, 38
Slavic accent, 38
Scandinavian circle, 38--39
Polish crossed l and L, 38--39
Umlaut, 38
Breve, 38--39
Macron, 38--39
Bar, 38
\v (Slavic accent), 38
\u (breve), 38--39
\= (macron), 38--39
\" (umlaut), 38
\H (long Hungarian umlaut), 38
\b (vector accent), 38
Vector accent, 38
\t (tie), 38
Tie, 38
Tilde, 38
\s (tilde), 38
\a (Scandinavian accent), 38
\l (Polish accent), 38
\c (cedilla), 38--39
Cedilla, 38--39
Blank space, 38
Angstrom unit, 38--39
Dotless letters, 39
\i (dotless i), 39
\j (dotless j), 39
Dimensions, 40--42
\vskip, 40
Point, 40--41
{\tt pt} (point), 40
{\tt pc} (pica), 40
Pica, 40
Units of measure, 40--41
{\tt in} (inch), 40--41
{\tt cm} (centimeter), 10, 40--41
<number>, 40--41
<optional sign>, 40
{\tt mm} (millimeter), 40
{\tt dd} (Didot point), 40
Didot point, 40
Metric system, 40
Blank space, 41
Angle brackets, 41, see also \langle, \rangle
<dimen>, 41
Rulers, 41
Boxes, 41--46
Glue, 41
Height, 41--45
Width, 41--45
Depth, 41--45
Reference point, 42--45
Baseline, 42--45
cmr10, 42
cms10, 42
Italic correction, 43
\/ (italic correction), 43
Rule (line rule), 43
Horizontal rule, 43
\hrule (horizontal rule), 43
\vrule (vertical rule), 43
Vertical rule, 43
Horizontal list, 43--45
Vertical list, 43--45
Black box, 43
\TEX logo, 44
Accent, 44
Negative dimensions, 44--45
Backspace, 45
Glue, 45--50
Interline glue, 45
Space component of glue, 45--50
Stretch component of glue, 45--50, 55
Shrink component of glue, 45--50, 55
Natural width of list, 46, 48
Setting the glue, 46
Badness, 47
\xskip, 47
\yskip, 47
\yyskip, 47
Dangerous bend, 47
\hskip, 47
\vskip, 47
{\tt plus}, 47
{\tt minus}, 47
Punctuation marks, 48
Dick and Jane, 48
Variable space, 48
Space factor, 48
Period, 48--49
Question mark, 48
Exclamation point, 48
Colon, 48
Semicolon, 48
Comma, 48
Quotation marks, 48
Inter-word glue, see Variable space
Ellipses (three dots), 49
Escape space, 49
\ldots, 49
Math mode, 49
Infinite stretchability, 49--50
Stretch component, infinite, 49--50
Right justification, 50
\ctrline, 50
\hsize, 50
\hskip, 50
{\tt plus}, 50
{\tt minus}, 50
\hfill, 50
\vfill, 50
Modes, 50--52
Font codes, table, 14
Character categories, table, 28
Negative glue, 50
Vertical mode, 50--52
Restricted vertical mode, 50, 52
Horizontal mode, 50--52
Restricted horizontal mode, 50, 52
Math mode, 50--52
Display math mode, 50--52
\par, 51
$, 51
$$, 51--52
\ldots, 51
\pi, 52
\approx, 52
\vjust, 52
\valign, 52
\topinsert, 52
\botinsert, 52
\hjust, 52
\halign, 52
\end, 52
\vfill, 52
Breaking paragraphs into lines, 52--57
Hyphenation, 53--56
Punctuation marks, 53
Space factor, 53
Narrow margins, 53
\hsize, 53
Proper names, 53
Accents, 53--54
Abbreviations, 49
Discretionary hyphen, 54--55
\- (discretionary hyphen), 54
Glue, 54
\topinsert, 54
\botinsert, 54
\penalty, 54--57
\eject, 54--55
Math formulas, breaking, 54--55
\* (discretionary $\times$), 55
Discretionary multiplication, 55
Breaking math formulas, 54--55
Dash, 54
Hyphen, 54
Binary operation, 55--56
Relation, 55--56
Badness, 55
Parameters to \TEX, see Glue parameters, Dimension parameters, Size parameters
Feasible breaks in paragraph, 55
Demerits, 55--56
Dynamic programming, 55
Penalty for breaking, 55--57
\jpar, 56
\ragged, 56
Ragged right margins, 56
Penalty for hyphenation, 56
\chpar, 56
\eject, 57
\parskip, 57
\noindent, 56
\parindent, 56
\hsize, 56
\par, 57
Quad middle, 57
\hangindent, 56
Hanging indentation, 56
Breaking lists of lines into pages, 57--60
Page building, 57--60
\eject, 57
Vertical mode, 57
Horizontal mode, 57
Math mode, 57
Breaks in paragraph, legal, 54--55
Breaks in paragraph, feasible, 55
Breaks between pages, legal, 57
\penalty, 57
\topinsert, 57
Glue, 57--59
\botinsert, 57
\vskip, 58
\vfill, 58
Interline glue, 58
Glue shrink, 58
Badness, 58
Penalty, 58
Widow lines, 58
Displayed equations, 58
Height, of completed page, 59
Depth, of completed page, 59
\baselineskip, 58
\lineskip, 58
\chpar, 59
\vsize, 59
\maxdepth, 59--60
\topbaseline, 59
Insertions, into pages, 59
Insertions, into manuscript, 22
\topinsert, 59
Floating insertions, see Insertions into pages.
\botinsert, 59
Page numbers, 59--60
\output, 59--60
\baselineskip, 60
\page, 60
\count, 60
\advcount, 60
Math formulas, how to type, 60--96
$, 60
Minus sign, 60
Blank space, 61
\alpha ($\alpha$), 61
\beta ($\beta$), 61
\gamma, 61
\delta, 61
\Gamma, 61
\in, 61
\epsilon, 61
\phi, 61
\theta, 61
\omega, 61
\varphi, 61
\vartheta, 61
\varomega, 61
\approx, 61
\mapsto, 61
\section, 61
\dag (dagger), 61
\ddag (double dagger), 61
\P (paragraph mark), 61
\copyright ($\copyright$), 61
\sterling ($\sterling$), 61
\$, 108
Superscripts, 62--63
Subscripts, 62--63
↑, 62--63
↓, 62--63
\prime ($\prime$), 63
\sqrt, 63
\underline, 63
\overline, 63
Group, 62--63
{, 62--63
}, 62--63
Cube root, 63
Roots, 63
Square root, see \sqrt
\spose, 63
Superposition, 63
\raise, 63
\scriptscriptstyle, 63
Accents, in math formulas, 64
\A, 64
\b, 64
\s, 64
\=, 64
Fractions, 64--69
\over, 64
\comb, 64
\sum, 64
Styles of math setting, 65--67
Display style, 65--67
Text style, 65--67
Script style, 65--67
Scriptscript style, 65--67
Text size, 66
Script size, 65
Scriptscript size, 66
$, 66
$$, 66
Superscripts, 66
Subscripts, 66
Numerator, 66
Denominator, 66
\underline, 67
\overline, 67
\sqrt, 67
\atop, 67
\choose, 67--69
\dispstyle, 68
\textstyle, 68
\scriptstyle, 68
\scriptscriptstyle, 68
\above, 68
\comb, 69
\hfill, 69
Continued fractions, 69
Summation, 69--71, 91
Integration, 69--70, 91
\sum ($\sum$), 69
\int ($\int$), 69
Large operators, 70
Limits to operators, 70--71, 73
↑, 70
↓, 70, 73
\limitswitch, 70
\atop, 71
\scriptstyle, 71
Punctuation marks, in math formulas, 71--72
Period, 71--72
Comma, 71--72
Semicolon, 71
Exclamation point, 71, 82
Question mark, 71
Thin space, 71
Breaking lines, 71
Roman letters in formulas, 72--74
\cos, 72--73
\cot, 72
\csc, 72
\det, 72
\exp, 72--73
\gcd, 72
\inf, 72
\lg, 72
\lim, 72--73
\liminf, 72
\limsup, 72
\ln, 72
\log, 72--73
\max, 72--73
\min, 72
\Pr, 72
\sec, 72
\sin, 72--73
\sup, 72
\tan, 72
{\tt O} vs.\ {\tt 0}, 73, 81--82
\theta, 73
\hjust, 73
Current font, 73
Large operators, 73
Font, see also Current font
\char, 73--74
Current math fonts, 73--74
{\tt rm} font, 73--74
{\tt it} font, 73--74
{\tt sy} font, 73--74, 79
{\tt ex} font, 73--74, 79
7-bit character codes, ...
9-bit character codes, 74
\mathrm, 74
\mathit, 74
\mathsy, 74
\mathex, 74
<font>, 74
Text size, 74
Script size, 74
Scriptscriptsize, 74
\infty, 74
Dangerous bend, 74
cmti10, 74
Italic letters, 74
Large delimiters, 74--79
cmi10, 74
\sqrt, 74--75, 78
Parentheses, 75
Variable-size delimiters, 74--79
\left, 75--79
\right, 75--79
<delim>, 75, 79
Blank delimiter, 75--77
Grouping, 76
Absolute value, 76,
\sum, 77--78
Large operators, 77--78
\bigglp, 77--78
\biggrp, 78
Superscripts, 78
\biglp, 78
\bigrp, 78
\biggglp, 78
\bigggrp, 78
\chop, 78
\char, 79
9-bit codes, 79
Left brace, 75, 79
Angle brackets, 75
\{, 75
\}, 75
\| ($\|$), 75
\langle ($\langle$), 75
\rangle ($\rangle$), 75
\lfloor ($\lfloor$), 75
\rfloor ($\rfloor$), 75
\lceil ($\lceil$), 75
\rceil ($\rceil$), 75
Pretzels, 79
Spacing in math formulas, 79--84
Spacing in math formulas, table, 81
Glue, 80--81
Quads, 80
Em-dash, 80
Dash, 80
\quad, 80--81
\qquad, 80
Blank space, 80
Thin space, 80--83
Thick space, 80--84
\, (thin space), 81--83, 151--152
\≡char'40 (control space), 81
Control space ≡ escape space
\> (op space), 81, 83
\; (thick space), 81, 83--84
\≥ (conditional thin space), 81, 83, 152
\< (negative op space), 81, 152
Negative glue, 81
\≤ (negative conditional thin space), 81
\? (negative thick space), 81
\! (negative thin space or ignore space), 81
Calculus, 81--82
\int, 81
\sqrt, 81--82
\biglp, 81--82
\bigrp, 81--82
Factorial, 82
\over, 82
Subformulas, 82
\underline, 82
\overline, 82
\accent, 82
\left, 82
\right, 82
Slash ≡ /
/, 82
Ord box, 82--84
Op box, 82--84
Bin box, 82--85
Rel box, 82--85
Open box, 82--84
Close box, 82--84
Punct box, 82--84
Comma, 82, 85
Discretionary multiplication, 85
\*, 85
\chpar, 85
Semicolon, 82
Period, 82
\max, 83
\min, 83
Subscripts, 84
Superscripts, 84
\hskip, 84
\,, 84
\penalty, 84
\eject, 84
\*, 84
<atom>, 84
\mathop, 84
\mathbin, 84
\mathopen, 84
\mathrel, 84
\mathclose, 84
\mathpunct, 84
Absolute value, 84
Grouping, 84
\char, 84
Breaking math formulas, 84--85
Relation, 82--83
Binary operation 82--83
Ellipses (three dots), 85--87, 90--91
Three dots, 85--87, 90--91
Dots, 85--87, 90--91
\vdots$, 90--91
$\ldotss$, 85--87
\ldots, 86--87
\cdots, 86
\ldotss, 86--87
\ldotsm, 86--87
\cdotss, 86--87
Absolute value, 87
\leftv, 87, 90
\rightv, 87, 90
\{, 90
\relv, 87--88
\leftvv, 87
\rightvv, 87
\relvv, 87
Vertical lines in math, 87
\leftset, 88
\rightset, 88
Left brace, 88
Right brace, 88
Sets in math, 61, 88
Number theory formulas, 88
\eqv, 88
\mod, 88
\neqv, 88
\modop, 88
\gcd, 88
\,, 88
Matrices, 88--91
Vector, 85--86, 91
Spacing in math formulas, 87--88
\vcenter, 88--89
\halign, 88--89
\lambda, 88
\left, 88--89
\right, 88--89
⊗, 88--89
\cr, 88--89
\quad, 88--89
\qquad, 89
\cpile, 89
\ctr, 88--89
\lft, 89--90
\rt, 89
\lpile, 90
\rpile, 90
Factorial, 91
Colon-equal operator, 91
Displayed formulas, 91--96
\eqno, 91--94
Equation numbers, 91--94
Display style, 92
\dispaskip, 92
\dispbskip, 92
\dispskip, 92
Glue, above and below displays, 92
Glue, above and below insertions....
Glue, in alignments....
Glue, between lines ≡ interline glue
Glue, between words ≡ variable space
Glue, between paragraphs,...
Glue, at top of page ≡ topbaseline
\halign, 92
\eqalign, 92--96
\noalign, 93
\hjust, 93
\vcenter, 93
\lpile, 93
\cpile, 93
\eqalignno, 93--94
\twoline, 94--96
Breaking displayed formulas, 94--96
\null, 95--96
<carriage-return>, 95
! \halign in display..., 95
Binary operator, 96
Relations, 96
\sum, 96
\left, 96
\right, 96
\bigglp, 96
\biggrp, 96
Definitions, 96--99
Macros ≡ definitions
Vector, 96--97
\ldotss, 96--97
\biglp, 97
\bigrp, 97
Parameter, 97
Argument, 97
Parameter text, 97--98
Result text, 97--99
! Use of ..., 97
Tokens, 22, 97--98, 146
Grouping, 98
Blank space, 98
Control sequence, 98
Control sequence, definition of, 96--99
Expansion of macros, 98
\gdef, 98
\trace, 98
\output, 98
#, 97--98
##, 97--99
Boxes, 99--103
Setting glue, 99--100
Glue, setting, ≡ setting the glue
\hrule, 99
\vrule, 99
Horizontal rule, 99, 101, 102
Vertical rule, 99, 101, 102
Line rules, 99, 101, 102
Rule boxes, 99 
{\tt width}, 99
{\tt depth}, 99
{\tt height}, 99
\hjust (horizontal justification), 99--103
\vjust (vertical justification), 100--103
Settingthe glue, 99--103
<hlist>, 99
<vlist>, 100
Interline glue, 100
\baselineskip, 100
\lineskip, 100
{\tt to size}, 100
{\tt size}, 100
{\tt expand}, 100
{\tt to} <dimen>, 101
Breaking lines, 101
Natural width, 101
Shrink, 101
\spose, 101
\save, 101
\box, 101, 102
\boxit, 101
Shifted boxes, 102
\raise, 102
\lower, 102
\moveright, 102
\moveleft, 102
\leaders, 102--103
\page, 102
Leaders, 102--103
Horizontal braces, 103
Braces, variable-width horizontal, 103, 174
Braces, variable-width vertical, 75, 174
cmathx, 103
cmr10, 103
Alignment, 104--109
\halign (horizontal alignment), 104--109
\valign (vertical alignment), 104, 109
\output, 104
Preamble in an alignment, 104--109
{\tt to} <dimen>, 104
{\tt to size}, 104
{\tt size}, 104
{\tt expand}, 104
⊗, 104--108
#, 104--109
\ctr, 104--106
<format>, 104--106
Natural width, 105
\hjust, 105
\tabskip, 105--109
Glue between aligned columns or rows, 105--109
\cr, 104--107
\noalign, 105, 107--108
<vlist>, 105
Vertical glue, 105
Penalty, 105
Horizontal rules, 105
Blank space, 106
\!, 106
Matrices, 104
Expansion of macros, 106--107
Defined control sequences, 106--107
\eqalign, 107
\vcenter, 107
\null, 107
\vjust, 107
\penalty 107
\eqalignno, 107
AT&T, 108
Line rules, 108--109
Horizontal rules, 108--109
Vertical rules, 108--109
\hrule, 108
\vrule, 108
Interline glue, 109
\baselineskip, 109
\lineskip, 109
\hfill, 109
\spose, 108--109
Negative glue, 109
Output routines, 109--114
Marks, 110--112
\mark, 110--112
Running headline, 112
\botmark, 110--111
\topmark, 110--112
\page, 111
Page numbers, 111--113
\setcount, 111
\count, 111--113
\advcount, 111, 113
\ifeven, 111--113
\if, 111--114
Conditional text, 111--114
\hsize, 112--113
\vsize, 112--113
\maxdepth, 112--113
\gdef, 112
\def, 112
\vfill, 112--113
\eject, 112
\vskip, 112
\ctrline, 112
\noindent, 112
\!, 112
\baselineskip, 112
\lineskip, 112
\else, 111--114
\vjust, 112--113
\page, 113
\hfill, 113
\save, 113--114
Vertical mode, summary, 114--121
Three-column format, 113--114
Two-column format, 113--114
Restricted vertical mode, summary, 114--121
<vlist>, 114
Vertical list, 114
Blank space, 114
<space>, 114, 121, 123, 124, 131
\par, 114
Control sequence, 114--115, 122, 131
! Undefined ..., 114
Error recovery, 114--115
Macro call, 115, 122, 131
\def, 115, 122, 131
\gdef, 115, 122, 131
{, 115
Grouping, 115
}, 115
\chcode, 115
\chpar, 115
Current font selections, 115
Glue parameter definitions, 115
! Too many ..., 115
! Extra }, 115
! Missing \cr ..., 115
\valign, 115
\hrule, 115
Horizontal rule, 115
<box>, 115, 124, 133
\hjust, 115, 124, 133
\vjust, 115, 124, 133
\box, 115--116, 124, 133
\page, 115--116, 124, 133
<spec>, 115, 124, 133
{\tt to size}, 115, 124, 133
{\tt size}, 115, 124, 133
{tt expand}, 115, 124, 133
{\tt to} <dimen>, 115, 124, 133
\baselineskip, 115
\lineskip, 115
Interline glue, 115
Glue between lines, see interline glue
Shifted box, 116
\moveleft, 116
\moveright, 116
\save, 116, 125, 133
\vfill (vertical glue fill), 116
\hfill (horizontal glue fill), 125, 133
Glue, 116, 125
Vertical glue, 116
Horizontal glue, 125, 133
\vskip (vertical glue), 116
\hskip (horizontal glue), 125, 133
\leaders, 116 ≡Leaders, 125
\noindent, 116
\parskip, 116
<char>, 116
\char, 116
Paragraph, beginning of, 116--117
\parindent, 117
Indentation, 56, 116--117, see also Hanging indentation
\penalty, 117, 126, 135
Page break, ≡breaking pages
Line break ≡ breaking lines
Page break penalty, 117
Line break penalty, 126, 135
\eject, 117, 126, 135
\mark, 117
Marks, 117, 126, 135
\topmark, 117, 126, 135
\botmark, 117, 126, 135
\x (extension), 117, 126, 135
\halign, 117, 127, 135
\valign, 118, 126
Alignment, 117--118, 126--127, 135
! There's no ..., 117, 126, 135
⊗, 117--118, 126--127, 135
\cr, 117--118, 126--127, 135
\noalign, 118, 127
! Missing }, 118, 127
\tabskip, 118, 127
\ENDV, 118, 126--127
\topinsert, 118, 127
\botinsert, 118, 127
Floating insertion, 118, 127
Bound insertion, 127
\def, 118, 127, 136
\gdef, 118, 127, 136
\baselineskip, 118, 127, 136
\:, 118, 127, 136
Current font, 118--119, 127--128
Current math fonts, 118--119, 127--128
\:, 118--119, 127--128
\mathex, 118, 127
{\tt ex} font, 118, 127
<font>, 118--119, 127--128
\mathrm, 119, 128
\mathit, 119, 128
\mathsy, 119, 128
<dimenparam>, 119, 128, 136
Dimension parameters, 119, 128, 136
\hsize, 119, 128, 136
\vsize, 119, 128, 136
\maxdepth, 119, 128, 136
\topbaseline, 119, 128, 136
\parindent, 119, 128, 136
<glueparam>, 119, 128, 136
Glue parameters, 119, 128, 136
\lineskip, 119, 128, 136
\baselineskip, 119, 128, 136
\parskip, 119, 128, 136
\dispskip, 119, 128, 136
\dispaskip, 119, 128, 136
\dispbskip, 119, 128, 136
\topskip, 119, 128, 136
\botskip, 119, 128 136
\tabskip, 119, 128, 136
\chcode, 119, 128, 137
\chpar, 119--120, 128--129, 137
\trace, 120, 129
\jpar, 120, 129
Penalties for hyphenation, 120, 129
Hyphenation penalties, 120, 129
Widow line penalty, 120, 129
Breaking math formulas, 120, 129
\ragged, 120, 129
Display break penalty, 120, 129
\hangindent, 120, 129
{\tt for}, 56, 120, 129
{\tt after}, 56, 120, 129
Hanging indentation, 120, 129
Output routine, 120, 129, 137
\output, 120, 129, 137
\setcount, 120, 129, 137
Counters, 111, 120, 129, 137
\advcount, 120, 129, 137
\count, 120, 129, 137
\ifeven, 121, 130, 137
\if, 121, 130, 137
Conditional text, 121, 130, 137
\else, 121, 130, 137
\input, 121
File name, 121
\end, 121
Stopping \TEX, 22, 121
\hsize, 121
\vsize, 121
{, 121
}, 121
\ddt, 121, 130, 137
\trace, 121, 130, 137
! You can't, 121, 130, 138
Horizontal mode, summary, 121--130
Restricted horizontal mode, summary, 121--130
<hlist>, 121
! Undefined ..., 122
Macro call, 122
{, 122
Group, 122
}, 122
! Too many ..., 122
! Extra }, 122
! Missing \cr ..., 122
<letter>, 122
<nonmathletter>, 122
<otherchar>, 122
\ss, 122
\ae, 122
\AE, 122
\oe, 122
\OE, 122
\o, 122
\O, 122
7-bit code, 122
-, 123
Ligature, 123
Kerning, 123
\char, 123
<accent>, 123
Escape space, 123
\quad, 123
\!, 124
Ignore space, 124 ⊂ \!
Discretionary hyphen 124
\-, 124
\/, 124
Italic correction, 124
{\tt ex} font, 124
\vrule, 124
Vertical rule, 124
Line rule ⊃ horiz rule, vert rule
\raise, 125, 133
\lower, 125, 133
Shifted box, 125, 133
$, 125
$$, 125--126
<formula>, 91, 125
<display>, 125
\par, 125
Paragraph, ending of, 125
{\tt rm} fonts, 125
{\tt it} fonts, 125
{\tt sy} fonts, 125
{\tt ex} fonts, 125
Math mode, summary, 130--138
<mlist>, 130
<display>, 130
<formula>, 130
\over, 130
Style of math, 130
Display math mode, summary, 130--138
! Undefined ..., 131
Error recovery, 122, 131
{, 131
}, 131
\left, 131
\right, 131
Subformula, 130--131
! Extra }, 131
! Extra \right, 131
! Missing }, 131
$, 131
! Missing \right, 131
<letter>, 131
<mathchar>, 131--132
<otherchar>, 131
\chcode, 131
\alpha, 132
\beta, 132
9-bit code, 132
Ord box, 132, 176
Op box, 132, 176
Bin box, 132--133, 176
Open box, 133, 176
Close box, 133, 176
Rel box, 133, 176
Punct box, 133, 176
Italic correction, 132
Subscript, 132
cmi10, 132
\char, 132
↑, 132
Superscript, 132
↓, 132
<atom>, 132
! Double ..., 132
<mathcontrol>, 132
\sqrt, 132
\underline, 132
<accent>, 132
\accent, 132
\overline, 132
\mathop, 132
\mathbin, 132
\mathrel, 132
\mathopen, 132
\mathclose, 132
\mathpunct, 132
\≡`, 132
\≡', 132
\A, 132
\v, 132
\u, 132
\=, 132
\", 132
\H, 132
\b, 132
\s, 132
\t, 132
\a, 132
\l, 132
\c, 132
Accents, 123
Accents, in math formulas, 132--133
<mathglue>, 133
Glue, 133
\,, 133
Escape space, 133
\>, 133
\;, 133
\quad, 133
\≥, 133
\!, 133
\?, 133
\<, 133
\≤, 133
\*, 134
Discretionary multiplication sign, 134
\limitswitch, 134
Op box, 134
{\tt ex font}, 134
Limits to operator, 134
Subscript, 134
Superscript, 134
Italic correction, 134
\over, 134
\above, 134
\atop, 134
\comb, 134
Numerator, 134
Denominator, 134
! Ambiguous..., 134
\sqrt, 134
\underline, 134
\overline, 134
\vcenter, 135
<mathstyle>, 135
\dispstyle, 135
Style of math formula, 135
\textstyle, 135
\scriptstyle, 135
\scriptscriptstyle, 135
\eqno, 135--136
Equation number, 135
\par, 135
! Missing $ ..., 135
\dispskip, 136
Error recovery, 138--148
Error messages, complete list, 139--146
! Missing {, 138
\raise, 139
\save, 139
\leaders, 139
\over, 139
\atop, 139
\above, 139
\comb, 139
File name, 139
Alignment, 140
↓, 140
↑, 140
Subscript, 140
Superscript, 140
\if, 140
\ifeven, 140
Conditional text, 140
\else, 140
\end, 140
\cr, 140
Current font definition, 140
Font definition ≡  Current f.d.
\halign, 140
Font code, 141
{\tt pt}, 141
<dimen>, 141
\chcode, 141
\chpar, 141
\def, 141
\mark, 141
\output, 141
}, 141
Runaway argument, 141
Large delimiter, 141
9-bit code, 141
Italic correction, 142
\limitswitch, 142
Op box, 142
\ddt, 142
\trace, 142
#, 142
<accent>, 143
Accents, 143
\page, 143
Macro definition, 143
Overfull box, 143
\jpar, 143
Discretionary hyphen, 143
Capacity of \TEX, 143--144
{\tt alignsize}, 144
{\tt fmemsize}, 144
{\tt hashsize}, 144
{\tt idlevs}, 144
{\tt memsize}, 144
{\tt nestsize}, 144
{\tt parsize}, 144
{\tt savesize}, 144
{\tt stacksize}, 144
{\tt stringsize}, 144
{\tt varsize}, 144
Alignment, 144
⊗, 144
\cr, 144
\hjust, 145
{\tt to} <dimen>, 145
\hfill, 145
Current font, 145
\par, 146
Modes, 146
! You can't ..., 146 (add to all error messages the Ch.27 page too)
\vskip, 146
Tracing, 146--147
! Illegal ..., 146
Expansion of macros, 147
Macros, 147
Editing on-line, 22, 147
On-line editing, 22--147
Overfull box, 147
\output, 147
\trace, 147
{\tt errors.tmp}, 147
En-dash, 148
\chcode, 148
\ae, 148
\O, 148
\t, 148
\≡`, 148
\l, 148
\", 148
\ss, 148
\vrule, 148
\hrule, 148
\null, 149
\choose, 149
\over, 149
\sum, 149
\scriptstyle, 149
\atop, 149
\biglp, 149
\bigrp, 149
\bigglp, 149
\biggrp, 149
\ldotsm, 149
\cdots, 149
\Pscr, 149
\partial, 149
\chi, 4, 149
\tau, 4
\epsilon, 4
\Mscr, 149
\modop, 149
Italic correction, 149
\lineskip, 149
\baselineskip, 149
\leaders, 150
\chop, 150
\hsize, 150
\if, 150
\ifeven, 150
Condition text, 150
Basic \TEX\ format, 151--153
{\tt basic.TEX}, 151--153
\chcode, 151
\%, 151
\lft, 151
\ctr, 151
\rt, 151
\rjustline, 151
\ctrline, 151
\trace, 151
\jpar, 151
\ragged, 151
\def, 151--153
\log, 151
\lg, 151
\ln, 151
\lim, 151
\limsup, 151
\liminf, 151
\sin, 151
\cos, 151
\tan, 151
\cot, 151
\sec, 151
\csc, 151
\max, 151
\min, 151
\sup, 152
\inf, 152
\det, 152
\exp, 152
\Pr, 152
\gcd, 152
\choose, 152
\leftset, 152
\rightset, 152
\modop, 152
\mod, 152
\eqv, 152
\neqv, 152
\qquad, 152
\ldots, 152
\cdots, 152
\ldotss, 152
\cdotss, 152
\ldotsm, 152
\vdots, 152
\eqalign, 152
\eqalignno, 152
\cpile, 152
\lpile, 152
\rpile, 152
\null, 152
\twoline, 152
\chop, 152
\spose, 152
\rm, 153
\sl, 153
\it, 153
\bf, 153
\parindent, 153
\maxdepth, 153
\topbaseline, 153
\parskip, 153
\baselineskip, 153
\lineskip, 153
\dispskip, 153
\dispaskip, 153
\dispbskip, 153
\biglp, 153
\bigrp, 153
\biggrp, 153
\bigglp, 153
\biggglp, 153
\bigggrp, 153
\mathrm, 153
\mathsy, 153
\mathit, 153
\mathex, 153
\output, 153
cmathx, 153
cmr10, 153
cmti10, 153
cmb10, 153
cms10, 153
cmsy10, 153
Number theory, 154
\modop, 154
\deg, 154
Bibliographic references, 154
Abbreviations, 154
En-dash, 155
Running head, 155
Knuth, 155
Theorems, 157--158
Slanted type, 157
\blackslug, 158, 167
\yyskip, 158
\yskip, 158--159
\textindent, 159, 165
Underlining, 162, ⊃\underline
Footnotes, 164
\9 (digit-width space), 164, 165
Digit-width space, 164, 165
\output, 166
\topmark, 166
\botmark, 166
\footnote, 164, 167
\botinsert, 167
ascii, 168
Font tables, 168--179
7-bit code, 168--173
SUAI code, 169
Roman fonts, 170
{\tt rm}, 170
cmr10, 170
cms10, 170
cmss10, 170
cmb10, 170
Typewriter fonts, 171
Italic fonts, 172
cmi10, 172
cmti10, 172
cmu10, 172
{\tt it}, 172
{\tt sy}, 173
{\tt ex}, 174--175
cmsy10, 173
Symbol fonts, 173
Extension fonts, 174--175
cmathx, 174--175
Character conversion in math mode, ???, 176
Translation of characters in math mode≡char. conv.
Conversion of characters in math mode≡char. conv.
Math mode, character conversion, ≡char. conv.
9-bit code, 74, 176
7-bit code, 32, 34--35
Binary operators, 178
Relations, 178
\not (cancel relation), 178
{\tt←}, 179
Hyphenation, 180--186
Liang, Frank M., 180
Vowel, 181
Consonant, 181
Exception dictionary, 182--186
Index, 187-∞
Error messages, 187
Control sequences, complete list, 187-∞
{\tt.TFX}, ∞
XGP, ∞
{\tt xgp}, ∞
Stanford conventions, 19, 24, ∞
Extensions to \TEX, ∞ ⊃\x
\alpha ( $\alpha$ ), 177
\beta ( $\beta$ ), 177
\gamma ( $\gamma$ ), 177
\delta ( $\delta$ ), 177
\epsilon ( $\epsilon$ ), 177
\zeta ( $\zeta$ ), 177
\eta ( $\eta$ ), 177
\theta ( $\theta$ ), 177
\iota ( $\iota$ ), 177
\kappa ( $\kappa$ ), 177
\lambda ( $\lambda$ ), 177
\mu ( $\mu$ ), 177
\nu ( $\nu$ ), 177
\xi ( $\xi$ ), 177
\pi ( $\pi$ ), 177
\rho ( $\rho$ ), 177
\sigma ( $\sigma$ ), 177
\tau ( $\tau$ ), 177
\upsilon ( $\upsilon$ ), 177
\phi ( $\phi$ ), 177
\chi ( $\chi$ ), 177
\psi ( $\psi$ ), 177
\omega ( $\omega$ ), 177
\varphi ( $\varphi$ ), 177
\vartheta ( $\vartheta$ ), 177
\varomega ( $\varomega$ ), 177
\Gamma ( $\Gamma$ ), 177
\Delta ( $\Delta$ ), 177
\Theta ( $\Theta$ ), 177
\Lambda ( $\Lambda$ ), 177
\Xi ( $\Xi$ ), 177
\Pi ( $\Pi$ ), 177
\Sigma ( $\Sigma$ ), 177
\Upsilon ( $\Upsilon$ ), 177
\Phi ( $\Phi$ ), 177
\Psi ( $\Psi$ ), 177
\Omega ( $\Omega$ ), 177
\Gammait ( $\Gammait$ ), 177
\Deltait ( $\Deltait$ ), 177
\Thetait ( $\Thetait$ ), 177
\Lambdait ( $\Lambdait$ ), 177
\Xiit ( $\Xiit$ ), 177
\Piit ( $\Piit$ ), 177
\Sigmait ( $\Sigmait$ ), 177
\Upsilonit ( $\Upsilonit$ ), 177
\Phiit ( $\Phiit$ ), 177
\Psiit ( $\Psiit$ ), 177
\Omegait ( $\Omegait$ ), 177
\Ascr ( $\Ascr$ ), 177
\Bscr ( $\Bscr$ ), 177
\Cscr ( $\Cscr$ ), 177
\Dscr ( $\Dscr$ ), 177
\Escr ( $\Escr$ ), 177
\Fscr ( $\Fscr$ ), 177
\Gscr ( $\Gscr$ ), 177
\Hscr ( $\Hscr$ ), 177
\Iscr ( $\Iscr$ ), 177
\Jscr ( $\Jscr$ ), 177
\Kscr ( $\Kscr$ ), 177
\Lscr ( $\Lscr$ ), 177
\Mscr ( $\Mscr$ ), 177
\Nscr ( $\Nscr$ ), 177
\Oscr ( $\Oscr$ ), 177
\Pscr ( $\Pscr$ ), 177
\Qscr ( $\Qscr$ ), 177
\Rscr ( $\Rscr$ ), 177
\Sscr ( $\Sscr$ ), 177
\Tscr ( $\Tscr$ ), 177
\Uscr ( $\Uscr$ ), 177
\Vscr ( $\Vscr$ ), 177
\Wscr ( $\Wscr$ ), 177
\Xscr ( $\Xscr$ ), 177
\Yscr ( $\Yscr$ ), 177
\Zscr ( $\Zscr$ ), 177
\lscr ( $\lscr$ ), 177
\pm ( $\pm$ ), 178
\mp ( $\mp$ ), 178
\times ( $\times$ ), 178
\div ( $\div$ ), 178
\rslash ( $\rslash$ ), 178
\cdot ( $\cdot$ ), 178
\oplus ( $\oplus$ ), 178
\ominus ( $\ominus$ ), 178
\otimes ( $\otimes$ ), 178
\odiv ( $\odiv$ ), 178
\odot ( $\odot$ ), 178
\uplus ( $\uplus$ ), 178
\ast ( $\ast$ ), 178
\circ ( $\circ$ ), 178
\bullet ( $\bullet$ ), 178
\interc ( $\interc$ ), 178
\lub ( $\lub$ ), 178
\glb ( $\glb$ ), 178
\up ( $\up$ ), 178
\down ( $\down$ ), 178
\← ( $\←$ ), 178
\→ ( $\→$ ), 178
\↑ ( $\↑$ ), 178
\≡↓ ( $\↓$ ), 178
\≡spose←→ ( $\↔$ ), 178
\lsh ( $\lsh$ ), 178
\rsh ( $\rsh$ ), 178
\perp ( $\perp$ ), 178
\vdash ( $\vdash$ ), 178
\dashv ( $\dashv$ ), 178
\mapsto ( $\mapsto$ ), 178
\relv ( $\relv$ ), 178
\relvv ( $\relvv$ ), 178
\subset ( $\subset$ ), 178
\supset ( $\supset$ ), 178
\in ( $\in$ ), 178
\notin ( $\notin$ ), 178
\prec ( $\prec$ ), 178
\preceq ( $\preceq$ ), 178
\succ ( $\succ$ ), 178
\succeq ( $\succeq$ ), 178
\spsub ( $\spsub$ ), 178
\lsls ( $\lsls$ ), 178
\grgr ( $\grgr$ ), 178
\simeq ( $\simeq$ ), 178
\approx ( $\approx$ ), 178
\doteq ( $\doteq$ ), 178
\lfloor ( $\lfloor$ ), 178
\rfloor ( $\rfloor$ ), 178
\lceil ( $\lceil$ ), 178
\rceil ( $\rceil$ ), 178
\{ ( $\{$ ), 178
\} ( $\}$ ), 178
\langle ( $\langle$ ), 178
\rangle ( $\rangle$ ), 178
\dleft ( $\dleft$ ), 178
\dright ( $\dright$ ), 178
\leftv ( $\leftv$ ), 178
\rightv ( $\rightv$ ), 178
\leftvv ( $\leftvv$ ), 178
\rightvv ( $\rightvv$ ), 178
\neqv ( $\neqv$ ), 178
\sum ( $\sum$ ), 179
\osum ( $\osum$ ), 179
\int ( $\int$ ), 179
\oint ( $\oint$ ), 179
\inter ( $\inter$ ), 179
\union ( $\union$ ), 179
\squnion ( $\squnion$ ), 179
\meet ( $\meet$ ), 179
\join ( $\join$ ), 179
\prod ( $\prod$ ), 179
\oprod ( $\oprod$ ), 179
\odotprod ( $\odotprod$ ), 179
\munion ( $\munion$ ), 179
\iit ( $\iit$ ), 179
\jit ( $\jit$ ), 179
\real ( $\real$ ), 179
\imag ( $\imag$ ), 179
\aleph ( $\aleph$ ), 179
\wp ( $\wp$ ), 179
\infty ( $\infty$ ), 179
\emptyset ( $\emptyset$ ), 179
\# ( $\#$ ), 179
\| ( $\|$ ), 179
\angle ( $\angle$ ), 179
\prime ( $\prime$ ), 179
\partial ( $\partial$ ), 179
\nabla ( $\nabla$ ), 179
\smallint ( $\smallint$ ), 179
\surd ( $\surd$ ), 179
\top ( $\top$ ), 179
\bot ( $\bot$ ), 179
\section ( $\section$ ), 179
\dag ( $\dag$ ), 179
\ddga ( $\ddga$ ), 179
\P ( $\P$ ), 179
\@ ( $\@$ ), 179
\copyright ( $\copyright$ ), 179
\sterline ( $\sterline$ ), 179
\$ ( $\$$ ), 179